Lead isotopic composition and lead source of the Tongchanghe basalt-type native copper-chalcocite deposit in Ninglang, western Yunnan, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张乾朱笑青  张正伟 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(2):112-121

1 Introduction The native copper-chalcocite deposits associated with the Emeishan basalt have attracted great attention of many scientists engaged in ore deposits in recent years, but their focus is more put on the deposits hos- ted in the high-Ti basalt …  相似文献   

Development of a cliff-top dune indicated by particle size and geochemical characteristics: Rubjerg Knude, Denmark     

SAMANTHA E. SAYE  KENNETH PYE  LARS B. CLEMMENSEN† 《Sedimentology》2006,53(1):1-21

Particle size and geochemical data have been used to investigate the development of a large cliff-top dune at Rubjerg Knude, located on the western coast of Jutland, Denmark. Textural parameters and geochemical ratios provided useful indicators of the dune sediment provenance and mode of evolution of the dune. The dune sediments themselves showed no significant spatial particle size trends and reflect a number of processes, including grainfall, wind-ripple migration and avalanching (grainflow), which formed a high proportion of the deposits on both the stoss and lee sides of the present dune. Fine grainfall sediments, which have accumulated to form a sandplain in the lee of the dune, show fining and improved sorting with distance, and extend more than 2 km downwind of the dune crest. Comparison of the textural and geochemical data from Rubjerg Knude and other locations on the Jutland coast indicates that, although there is a contribution of sand to the dune from local marine sources, the main source of sand to the cliff-top dune and sand plain sediments has been provided by the wind erosion of the underlying cliffs, which are composed of Weichselian age sandy glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine deposits. Optically stimulated luminescence dating indicated an apparent age for the sand at the base of 274 ± 14 years. If this date is reliable, it suggests that accumulation of the aeolian sand in this area began within approximately the last 300 years. Map and photographic evidence indicate that the modern high dune only began to form after 1885, apparently associated with an acceleration in the rate of coastal cliff retreat.  相似文献   

电提取技术中载体物质应用效果提高的途径   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘占元  程志中  孙彬彬 《物探与化探》2005,29(5):401-403,408

电提取器中用来承载提取物的载体, 从最初的"液体"发展为"固体", 为方法的实用性和标准化发展找到了方向。固体载体物质的粒度和纯度是提高元素提取效果的主要方面。对载体物质进行工艺性提纯处理, 并加工到适宜的粒度范围, 将可增强其技术作用。  相似文献   

Temperature dependence of the magnetic rotation process of kaolinite microcrystals containing paramagnetic impurity ions dispersed in liquid medium     

C.?UyedaEmail author  M.?Sakakibara  K.?Tanaka 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(7):425-429

Temperature dependencies of magnetic rotation were measured in micron-sized silicates dispersed in ethanol for two different samples of kaolinite. Magnetic rotation proceeded by balance between thermal agitation energy and magnetic anisotropy energy. Measurements were performed between 195 and 343 K. The field intensity required to achieve magnetic alignment of microcrystals increases with temperature, because of the temperature dependence of paramagnetic anisotropy, and the temperature dependence of thermal agitation energy. The results indicate that the values of magnetic anisotropy of nonmagnetic materials might partially derive from the paramagnetic moments, which derive from paramagnetic impurity ions. The present experiment provides a technical basis for determining the precise values of diamagnetic anisotropy ()_DIA from minerals which have a concentration of paramagnetic ions and do not form a single crystal large enough to allow bulk measurements. The values of ()_DIA can be obtained by extrapolating the –T relations, which follow the Curie law, to the temperature limits.  相似文献   

Post-collisional rapid exhumation and erosion during continental sedimentation: the example of the late Variscan Salvan-Dorénaz basin (Western Alps)     

Nicola?Capuzzo  Robert?Handler  Franz?Neubauer  Andreas?WetzelEmail author 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(3):364-379

The Salvan-Dorénaz intramontane basin formed between ca. 308–293 Ma as an asymmetric graben along crustal-scale transtensional fracture zones within the Aiguilles-Rouges crystalline massif (Western Alps) and represents a feature of the post-collisional evolution of the Variscan orogens. It contains 1.5–1.7 km of continental clastic deposits which were eroded from granitic, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks. Textural and compositional immaturity of the sandstones, and the numerous lithic fragments with low chemical and physical stability suggest only short-range transport. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar analyses of detrital muscovite are interpreted to represent cooling of the crystalline basement below the respective closure temperatures. Ages from detrital muscovite range between ca. 280–330 Ma. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar white mica plateau ages from granitic boulders range between 301–312 Ma and suggest rapid cooling. The very short time interval recorded between the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar cooling ages and the stratigraphic age of the host sediment suggests that considerable portions of the upper crust were removed prior to the formation of the basin. Late Variscan granitic boulders document surface exposure and erosion of Late Carboniferous granites during early stages of the infilling of the basin. Therefore, unroofing of basement units, magmatic activity, and formation of the fault bounded Salvan-Dorénaz basin were acting concomitantly, and are highly suggestive of extensional tectonics. When compared with other orogens, this situation seems specific to the Variscan, especially the exclusively young ages of detrital material, however, modern analogous may exist.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.  相似文献   

初论造山带古地理学   总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19  

吴根耀 《地层学杂志》2003,27(2):81-98,115

造山带古地理学属构造古地理学 ,是造山带地层学的姐妹学科 ,其核心是活动论构造观。简述了造山带古地理学的形成和内涵 ,重点讨论了地质记录已发生移位、歪曲和混杂的造山带地区 (或经造山作用改造的克拉通地区 )正确地进行构造—古地理重建的三个问题 :一是不能用“将今论古”的方法恢复地史期间的隆起区和堆积区 ,地史期间的物源区并非一成不变 ,要充分认识物源供应的多样性和多重性 ;二是沉积相带的展布受区域构造应力场及基底构造格局控制 ,要特别重视边缘相及其物源区的研究 ;三是辨析原生沉积盆地与构造盆地 ,对盆地进行正确的构造复位是古地理重建的基础。  相似文献   

Transport and storage of bed material in a gravel‐bed channel during episodes of aggradation and degradation: a field and flume study     

Bonnie Smith Pryor  Thomas Lisle  Diane Sutherland Montoya  Sue Hilton 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(15):2028-2041

The dynamics of sediment transport capacity in gravel‐bed rivers is critical to understanding the formation and preservation of fluvial landforms and formulating sediment‐routing models in drainage systems. We examine transport‐storage relations during cycles of aggradation and degradation by augmenting observations of three events of channel aggradation and degradation in Cuneo Creek, a steep (3%) gravel‐bed channel in northern California, with measurements from a series of flume runs modeling those events. An armored, single‐thread channel was formed before feed rates were increased in each aggradation run. Output rates increased as the channel became finer and later widened, steepened, and braided. After feed rates were cut, output rates remained high or increased in early stages of degradation as the incising channel remained fine‐grained, and later decreased as armoring intensified. If equilibrium was not reached before sediment feed rate was cut, then a rapid transition from a braided channel to a single‐thread channel caused output rates for a given storage volume to be higher during degradation than during aggradation. Variations in channel morphology, and surface bed texture during runs that modeled the three cycles of aggradation and degradation were similar to those observed in Cuneo Creek and provide confidence in interpretations of the history of change: Cuneo Creek aggraded rapidly as it widened, shallowed, and braided, then degraded rapidly before armoring stabilized the channel. Such morphology‐driven changes in transport capacity may explain the formation of flood terraces in proximal channels. Transport‐storage relations can be expected to vary between aggradation and degradation and be influenced by channel conditions at the onset of changes in sediment supply. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

Erodibility of fine soil from the composite river bank of Brahmaputra in India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tapas Karmaker  Subashisa Dutta 《水文研究》2011,25(1):104-111

The erosion of a composite river bank critically depends on the erodibility of its fine soils, as the fine soil has higher resistance against erosion. Therefore, for the estimation of the bank erosion in the case of a composite river bank, it is important to determine the critical shear stress and erodibility coefficients of the bank soil and their spatial distribution. In the present study, erodibility parameters of the river bank of Brahmaputra in India have been estimated through 58 in situ submerged jet tests. The significance of spatial and layer‐wise distribution of the erodibility parameters was tested through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results indicate that the spatial variation of erodibility parameters is highly significant, but layer‐wise variations of the erodibility parameters are not significant. Therefore, the erodibility of the riverbank depends on the particular location, whereas layer‐wise average erodibility parameters can be lumped for the estimation of the bank erosion for the specific site. Using the measured erodibility parameters, yearly river bank erosions at the study locations were computed and found to fall within the reported range of the bank erosion in the Brahmaputra River. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

多孔金属材料刚柔吸能结构及其在冲击地压巷道支护中的应用     

吕祥锋  潘一山  李忠华 《地震学刊》2011,(2):185-190

多孔金属材料是一种新型功能和结构材料,具有良好的吸能、减震和阻尼特性。根据多孔金属材料的吸能特性,研究了多孔金属材料耗散能量准则,分析了多孔金属材料应用于冲击地压巷道支护的可行性。基于多孔金属材料的耗散能量准则,首次建立了刚柔吸能支护结构模型,将多孔金属材料应用于冲击地压巷道支护结构中,并利用FLAC 3D计算软件,对刚柔吸能支护巷道冲击破坏进行数值模拟。研究结果表明,刚柔吸能支护可高效吸收冲击能量、缓冲作用荷载及大幅度提高巷道围岩的可靠程度,是防治冲击地压发生和降低动力灾害的一种有效方法。  相似文献   

填充粘弹性材料的开缝钢筋混凝土剪力墙性能试验研究     

王喆  李宏男  张皓 《地震学刊》2011,(4):364-369

建立了填充粘弹性材料的开缝钢筋混凝土剪力墙的力学模型,基于通用有限元软件ABAQU S,对具有不同形式的钢筋混凝土剪力墙进行了数值模拟,通过对其在相同加载速率下的弹塑性分析,探讨了开缝填充粘弹性材料的剪力墙和整体墙、开缝墙的性能,以及粘弹性材料缝的尺寸等因素对剪力墙性能的影响。试验结果表明,开缝后填充粘弹性材料,在剪力墙承载力降低不大的前提下,很好地提高了墙体的延性与耗能能力,性能优于其他2种形式的剪力墙,并且剪力墙的承载力和延性受粘弹性材料竖缝的长度的影响较大,而受开缝宽度的影响则很小。  相似文献